References
The papers, datasets and software behind à portée’s travel times and map views. The data sources and their licences are on Sources and licences.
Walking speed and slope
Section titled “Walking speed and slope”- Tobler, W. (1993). Three presentations on geographical analysis and modeling. Technical Report 93-1, National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis. The hiking function used for slope in walking and cycling times (Methodology).
- Eggenberger, P., Tomovic, S., Münzer, T. and de Bruin, E. D. (2017). Older adults must hurry at pedestrian lights! A cross-sectional analysis of preferred and fast walking speed under single- and dual-task conditions. PLOS ONE 12(7). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182180. Used for the slower walking pace in No car.
- Asher, L., Aresu, M., Falaschetti, E. and Mindell, J. (2012). Most older pedestrians are unable to cross the road in time: a cross-sectional study. Age and Ageing 41(5), 690–694. doi:10.1093/ageing/afs076. Used for the much slower walking pace in No car.
Cycling
Section titled “Cycling”- Mekuria, M. C., Furth, P. G. and Nixon, H. (2012). Low-Stress Bicycling and Network Connectivity. Mineta Transportation Institute Report 11-19. The level of traffic stress that cycling routes keep to (Methodology).
Map views
Section titled “Map views”- Herrmann, T., Gleckner, W., Wasfi, R. A., Thierry, B., Kestens, Y. and Ross, N. A. (2019). A pan-Canadian measure of active living environments using open data. Health Reports 30(5), 16–25. Statistics Canada. doi:10.25318/82-003-x201900500002-eng. The original Can-ALE measure.
- Fuller, D., Ghasedi, M., Achot, G. and Ross, N. A. (2026). Canadian Active Living Environments 2.0: Development of an open-source pipeline for the replication and extension of the Canadian Active Living Environments measure. Health Reports. Statistics Canada (doi:10.25318/82-003-x202600600001-eng), with its data and code. The 2021 Can-ALE shown in the Can-ALE view.
- Ghasedi, M., Fuller, D., Achot, G. and Ross, N. A. (2025). Canadian Active Living Environments Database (Can-ALE 2.0) User Manual & Technical Document. University of Saskatchewan and Queen’s University. The manual is in the Can-ALE repository.
- Statistics Canada (2025). Spatial Access Measures, 2024. Catalogue no. 27-26-0001. The StatCan SAM view.
- Alasia, A., Newstead, N., Kuchar, J. and Radulescu, M. (2021). Measuring proximity to services and amenities: an experimental set of indicators for neighbourhoods and localities. Reports on Special Business Projects, 18-001-X2020001. Statistics Canada. The method behind the proximity and access measures that the StatCan SAM view builds on.